In a major decision this week, European Parliament members voted by a margin of 355-247 to restrict food names such as "burger" and "sausage" solely for meat products.
If the measure becomes law, common plant-based products such as veggie burgers, tofu steak, and cauliflower schnitzel may have to be renamed across EU markets.
Nevertheless, for the restriction to take effect, it must gain approval from a majority of the EU's 27 countries, which remains uncertain.
Proponents contend that consumers require transparent labeling and while traditional names should exclusively refer to items derived from animals.
"An escalope or a sausage represent products from our livestock: not synthetic production or vegetable sources," stated French lawmaker the proposal's author.
Opponents, led by Green MEPs, called the move populist maneuvering.
"Plant-based burgers, wheat schnitzel and soy sausage do not confuse consumers, only certain lawmakers," said Austria's lawmaker Thomas Waitz.
This marks another effort to control these terminology. EU lawmakers rejected a similar prohibition in 2020.
France previously enacted a domestic restriction on meat terms for plant-based foods in recent years, but the European court of justice ruled it invalid under European legislation in this year.
Major German retailers such as Aldi and Lidl oppose the measure, warning that altering established names would mislead consumers.
Advocacy organizations point to surveys indicating that most consumers comprehend product labels as long as products are properly identified as vegan.
"Nearly seventy percent of consumers recognize these names provided products are clearly labelled plant-based," said Irina Popescu, a consumer expert at BEUC.
This legislative measure now requires review by EU member states, where it must obtain majority approval to become law.
Considering the mixed opinions within various politicians and the public, the future of this initiative remains unclear.
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